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Guidance documents help to standardise and streamline processes within and across organisations.Marcos/GuíasNational M&E SystemsCulture of evidence use and production
The culture of evidence use and production within government entities is a critical determinant of how national M&E systems are adopted and utilised.Marcos/GuíasNational M&E SystemsSynthesise data from one or more evaluations
Combine data to form an overall assessment of the merit or worth of the intervention, or to summarize evidence across several evaluations.Marcos/GuíasRainbow FrameworkSupporting the use of M&E evidence
Supporting the use of M&E in a national M&E system means actively facilitating and encouraging the application of monitoring and evaluation findings to inform policy decisions, improve programs, and guide strMarcos/GuíasNational M&E SystemsManage data
Establish processes for managing data during an evaluation, including storing and organising data, and cleaning data.Marcos/GuíasRainbow FrameworkDevelop planning documents for the evaluation or M&E system
Develop a formal plan which sets out how an individual evaluation or a range of M&E activities will be undertaken.Marcos/GuíasRainbow FrameworkC4D: Synthesise
These tasks involve bringing together data and evidence into an overall conclusion and judgement.Marcos/GuíasCommunication for Development (C4D)Prioritise self-determination, community agency and self-governance
Empowerment Principle: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples have the right to self-determination and to be encouraged and empowered in decision-making processes. Evaluators must listen and advise to the benefit of communities above all else.Marcos/GuíasEvaluation practice in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander settingsDefine what is to be evaluated
Develop a description (or access an existing version) of what is to be evaluated and how it is understood to work.Marcos/GuíasRainbow FrameworkC4D: Learning-based
Action-learning; adaptive; capacity development; critical reflection In a learning-based approach RM&E is integrated into the whole programme cycle and involves all staff and stakeholders.Marcos/GuíasCommunication for Development (C4D)Support use
Plan processes to support primary intended users to make decisions and take action on the basis of the findings.Marcos/GuíasRainbow FrameworkC4D: Investigate causal attribution and contribution
For most evaluations it is not enough to just gather and report data about activities and changes in conditions (expected results) - there needs to be an investigation of the role of the intervention in producing these results. This is needed for any...Marcos/GuíasCommunication for Development (C4D)Establish decision making processes
Specify how decisions will be made about the evaluation—who will provide advice, who will make recommendations, and who will make the actual decisions.Marcos/GuíasRainbow FrameworkDetermine what ‘success’ looks like
Clarify the values that will be used in the evaluation in terms of criteria (aspects of performance) and standards (levels of performance). These will be used together with evidence to make judgements about whether or not an intervention has been...Marcos/GuíasRainbow FrameworkC4D: Review R,M&E systems and studies (meta evaluation)
A review process (also referred to as a meta-evaluation) is an important part of the implementation process. It enables critical reflection and reviews of the effectiveness of R,M&E systems, studies and evaluation capacity development strategies....Marcos/GuíasCommunication for Development (C4D)Visualise data
Decide how to visualise the data to bring clarity during analysis and/or to communicate findings.Marcos/GuíasRainbow FrameworkC4D: Support use
Planning and pro-active actions are needed to support the utilisation of R,M&E findings. This support might be in the form of events (such as annual reviews) processes (such as written management responses, or recommendations tracking), or structures...Marcos/GuíasCommunication for Development (C4D)Extrapolate findings
Explain how findings from this evaluation might be more generally applied or translated to new sites and situations. (This is often useful but not always needed).Marcos/GuíasRainbow FrameworkC4D: Determine what 'success' looks like
Evaluation, which means to assess the value or worth of something, is essentially about values. Underpinning R,M&E systems are questions such as 'Is this good? Which is better? What is best?' Therefore, it is important to be systematic and transparent...Marcos/GuíasCommunication for Development (C4D)What is a national M&E system
A national monitoring and evaluation (M&E) system can be understood as a number of connected systems for generating and using evidence to inform decisions in the public sector.Marcos/GuíasNational M&E SystemsDiagnostic assessments
Diagnostic assessments are the systematic assessment of a country or organisation's current monitoring and evaluation capabilities and practices or an individual's M&E competencies.Marcos/GuíasNational M&E SystemsUnderstand causes of outcomes and impacts
Collect and analyse data to answer causal questions about what has produced outcomes and impacts that have been observed.Marcos/GuíasRainbow FrameworkDevelop initial description
Develop an initial description of what is to be evaluated, to ensure agreement about the boundaries.Marcos/GuíasRainbow FrameworkC4D: Visualise data
Data visualisation is the process of representing data graphically. It can make it easier to see trends and patterns. Data visualisation can be used during data analysis as part of making sense of data. It can also be used to communicate results as part...Marcos/GuíasCommunication for Development (C4D)C4D: Specify the key R,M&E questions
R,M&E Questions are the small number of broad questions that R,M&E are intended to answer, not the many specific questions that might be on a questionnaire or an interview schedule. Deciding which questions should be answered is one of the...Marcos/GuíasCommunication for Development (C4D)Resources and capacity for M&E systems
Resources and capacity in a national M&E system refer to the combination of human, financial, and technological assets a country has available to manage M&E systems.Marcos/GuíasNational M&E SystemsDescribe activities, outcomes, impacts and context
Collect and retrieve data to answer descriptive questions such as what has happened in terms of the activities of the project, programme, or policy, the various results it has had, and the context in which it has been implemented.Marcos/GuíasRainbow FrameworkC4D: Develop recommendations
Research studies, findings from monitoring and evaluations often make proposals for certain courses of actions. This includes options, improvements or advise on whether a program should be continued or expanded.Marcos/GuíasCommunication for Development (C4D)Formalise accountability processes on ethical practice
Accountability principle: Include appropriate mechanisms and procedures for reporting on ethical aspects of the research and complying with this ethical protocol.Marcos/GuíasEvaluation practice in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander settingsEthical Protocol
This Ethical Protocol contains a set of ethical principles to hear and privilege the voice of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in monitoring and evaluation that involves them or impacts on them.Marcos/GuíasEvaluation practice in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander settingsC4D: Ensure accessibility
While producing reports, it is important to think about accessibility. There are some things you can do to improve accessibility in a general sense, such as using graphic design principles, using plain language, and using sub-headings. There are also some...Marcos/GuíasCommunication for Development (C4D)C4D Hub: Analyse each key evaluation question
Embedded within broad key questions for R,M&E there are often different types of smaller questions.Marcos/GuíasCommunication for Development (C4D)