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  • Joint evaluation design

    A collaboration is involved in designing the evaluation, which might involve an implementing agency, an evaluation team and/or a community working together.
    Method

  • Single evaluation approach design

    The evaluation design is based on selecting a single existing evaluation model or approach and using it for an evaluation.
    Method

  • Evaluator-led evaluation design

    An evaluation team develops an evaluation design in response to an evaluation brief which sets out the purposes of the evaluation.
    Method

  • Community-led evaluation design

    A community develops an evaluation design, sometimes with facilitation or technical support.
    Method

  • Develop a design for the evaluation

    An evaluation design sets out how data will be collected and analysed in terms of the methods used and the research design.
    Cadre/Guide
    Rainbow Framework

  • Impartiality

    Impartiality in evaluation refers to conducting an evaluation without bias or favouritism, treating all aspects and stakeholders fairly. Key aspects of impartiality in evaluation can include:
    Method

  • Understand the situation

    A situation analysis examines the current situation and the factors contributing to it. This might include identification and analysis of needs, resources, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats, and/or power analysis.
    Cadre/Guide
    Rainbow Framework

  • Key informant attribution

    A method for testing causal reasoning by asking key informants.
    Method

  • Determine what constitutes high quality evaluation

    For any evaluation, there needs to be clarity about what will be considered a quality and ethical evaluation.
    Cadre/Guide
    Rainbow Framework

  • Introducing the Causal Pathways Resource Hub

    We are pleased to launch the Causal Pathways Resource Hub: A set of new and revised pages on BetterEvaluation, developed in partnership with the Causal Pathways Initiative.
    Blog

  • Causal pathways

    A causal pathways perspective on evaluation focuses on understanding how, why, and under what conditions change happens or has happened.
    Theme

  • Qualitative impact assessment protocol

    The Qualitative Impact Assessment Protocol (QuIP) is an impact evaluation approach that collects and documents narrative causal statements directly from those affected by an intervention.
    Approach

  • Outcome Mapping

    Outcome Mapping is an approach that helps unpack an initiative’s theory of change and provides a framework to collect data on the immediate, basic changes that lead to longer, more transformative change. This allows for the plausible assessment of the…
    Approach

  • Most significant change

    The Most Significant Change (MSC) approach involves generating and analysing personal accounts of change and deciding which is the most significant – and why.
    Approach

  • Iterative design and monitoring for adaptive management: How causal link monitoring can help

    Development actors are embracing the concept and practice of adaptive management, using evidence to inform ongoing revisions throughout implementation.
    Blog

  • Review evaluation quality

    Evaluating the quality of an evaluation can be done before it begins (reviewing the plan) or during or after the evaluation (reviewing the evaluation products or processes). This is sometimes called a quality review or meta-evaluation.
    Cadre/Guide
    Rainbow Framework

  • Qualitative comparative analysis

    Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) is an evaluation approach that supports causal reasoning by examining how different conditions contribute to an outcome.
    Approach

  • Common good and equity

    Consideration of common good and equity involves an evaluation going beyond using only the values of evaluation stakeholders to develop an evaluative framework to also consider common good and equity more broadly.
    Method

  • Credibility

    Credibility refers to the trustworthiness of the evaluation findings, achieved through high-quality evaluation processes, especially rigour, integrity, competence, inclusion of diverse perspectives, and stakeholder engagement.
    Method

  • Bricolage evaluation design

    A bricolage evaluation design flexibly combines and adapts various data collection and analysis methods, approaches, and conceptual and value frameworks to suit the specific context of the evaluation.
    Method

  • Bias reduction

    Bias reduction involves identifying possible sources of bias and taking steps to reduce it. This is one way of improving the validity of an evaluation. Types of bias include:
    Method

  • Contribution analysis

    Contribution analysis is an evaluation approach that provides a systematic way of understanding an intervention's contribution to observed outcomes or impacts.
    Approach

  • Realist evaluation

    Realist evaluation aims to identify the underlying generative causal mechanisms that explain how outcomes were caused and how context influences these.
    Approach

  • Realist evaluation

    An approach especially to impact evaluation which examines what works for whom in what circumstances through what causal mechanisms, including changes in the reasoning and resources of participants.
    Approach

  • How to manage an evaluation and disseminate its results

    This guide from the United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) outlines the roles and responsibilities of evaluation managers during and after the evaluation has taken place.
    Ressource

  • Using qualitative comparative analysis to explore causal links for scaling up investments in renewable energy

    This paper illustrates how qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) was used to identify causal pathways for scaling renewable energy to meet sustainable development and climate goals.
    Ressource

  • Power analysis: A practical guide

    This guide was developed in response to a recommendation of the Swedish Government Policy on Democratic Development and Human Rights, that power be analysed as part of context-specific poverty analysis.
    Ressource

  • Realist impact evaluation: An introduction

    Realist impact evaluation is an approach to impact evaluation that emphasises the importance of context for programme outcomes.
    Ressource

  • Case study: QuIP & RCT to evaluate a cash transfer and gender training programme in Malawi

    This case study discusses the combination of the Qualitative Impact Assessment Protocol (QuIP) and Randomised Control Trial (RCT) approaches in the evaluation of Concern Worldwide's "Graduation" programme.
    Ressource

  • Causal pathways: A shared understanding

    This 2022 document by members of the Causal Pathways Initiative articulates a shared understanding of the concept of “causal pathways'' in evaluation and strategy.
    Ressource

  • Understanding process tracing

    This 2011 paper, from David Collier, outlines a new framework for process tracing to achieve greater systemisation of qualitative methods. This version includes some reflections in 2019 on subsequent developments.
    Ressource

  • Causal Pathways introductory session: Outcome harvesting for exploring causal pathways

    This session of the Causal Pathways Symposium 2023, by Carlisle Levine and Hippolyt Pul, introduces outcome harvesting, a method to collect evidence of what has changed and whether and how an intervention has contributed to these changes.
    Ressource

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