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  • Define what is to be evaluated

    Develop a description (or access an existing version) of what is to be evaluated and how it is understood to work.
    Framework/Guide
    Rainbow Framework

  • C4D: Learning-based

    Action-learning; adaptive; capacity development; critical reflection In a learning-based approach RM&E is integrated into the whole programme cycle and involves all staff and stakeholders.
    Framework/Guide
    Communication for Development (C4D)

  • Support use

    Plan processes to support primary intended users to make decisions and take action on the basis of the findings.
    Framework/Guide
    Rainbow Framework

  • C4D: Investigate causal attribution and contribution

    For most evaluations it is not enough to just gather and report data about activities and changes in conditions (expected results) - there needs to be an investigation of the role of the intervention in producing these results. This is needed for any…
    Framework/Guide
    Communication for Development (C4D)

  • Establish decision making processes

    Specify how decisions will be made about the evaluation—who will provide advice, who will make recommendations, and who will make the actual decisions.
    Framework/Guide
    Rainbow Framework

  • Determine what ‘success’ looks like

    Clarify the values that will be used in the evaluation in terms of criteria (aspects of performance) and standards (levels of performance). These will be used together with evidence to make judgements about whether or not an intervention has been…
    Framework/Guide
    Rainbow Framework

  • C4D: Review R,M&E systems and studies (meta evaluation)

    A review process (also referred to as a meta-evaluation) is an important part of the implementation process. It enables critical reflection and reviews of the effectiveness of R,M&E systems, studies and evaluation capacity development strategies.…
    Framework/Guide
    Communication for Development (C4D)

  • Visualise data

    Decide how to visualise the data to bring clarity during analysis and/or to communicate findings.
    Framework/Guide
    Rainbow Framework

  • C4D: Support use

    Planning and pro-active actions are needed to support the utilisation of R,M&E findings. This support might be in the form of events (such as annual reviews) processes (such as written management responses, or recommendations tracking), or structures…
    Framework/Guide
    Communication for Development (C4D)

  • Extrapolate findings

    Explain how findings from this evaluation might be more generally applied or translated to new sites and situations. (This is often useful but not always needed).
    Framework/Guide
    Rainbow Framework

  • C4D: Determine what 'success' looks like

    Evaluation, which means to assess the value or worth of something, is essentially about values. Underpinning R,M&E systems are questions such as 'Is this good? Which is better? What is best?' Therefore, it is important to be systematic and transparent…
    Framework/Guide
    Communication for Development (C4D)

  • What is a national M&E system

    A national monitoring and evaluation (M&E) system can be understood as a number of connected systems for generating and using evidence to inform decisions in the public sector.
    Framework/Guide
    National M&E Systems

  • Diagnostic assessments

    Diagnostic assessments are the systematic assessment of a country or organisation's current monitoring and evaluation capabilities and practices or an individual's M&E competencies.
    Framework/Guide
    National M&E Systems

  • Understand causes of outcomes and impacts

    Collect and analyse data to answer causal questions about what has produced outcomes and impacts that have been observed.
    Framework/Guide
    Rainbow Framework

  • Develop initial description

    Develop an initial description of what is to be evaluated, to ensure agreement about the boundaries.
    Framework/Guide
    Rainbow Framework

  • C4D: Visualise data

    Data visualisation is the process of representing data graphically. It can make it easier to see trends and patterns. Data visualisation can be used during data analysis as part of making sense of data. It can also be used to communicate results as part…
    Framework/Guide
    Communication for Development (C4D)

  • C4D: Specify the key R,M&E questions

    R,M&E Questions are the small number of broad questions that R,M&E are intended to answer, not the many specific questions that might be on a questionnaire or an interview schedule.  Deciding which questions should be answered is one of the most…
    Framework/Guide
    Communication for Development (C4D)

  • Resources and capacity for M&E systems

    Resources and capacity in a national M&E system refer to the combination of human, financial, and technological assets a country has available to manage M&E systems.
    Framework/Guide
    National M&E Systems

  • Describe activities, outcomes, impacts and context

    Collect and retrieve data to answer descriptive questions such as what has happened in terms of the activities of the project, programme, or policy, the various results it has had, and the context in which it has been implemented.
    Framework/Guide
    Rainbow Framework

  • C4D: Develop recommendations

    Research studies, findings from monitoring and evaluations often make proposals for certain courses of actions. This includes options, improvements or advise on whether a program should be continued or expanded.
    Framework/Guide
    Communication for Development (C4D)

  • Formalise accountability processes on ethical practice

    Accountability principle: Include appropriate mechanisms and procedures for reporting on ethical aspects of the research and complying with this ethical protocol.
    Framework/Guide
    Evaluation practice in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander settings

  • Ethical Protocol

    This Ethical Protocol contains a set of ethical principles to hear and privilege the voice of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in monitoring and evaluation that involves them or impacts on them.
    Framework/Guide
    Evaluation practice in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander settings

  • C4D: Ensure accessibility

    While producing reports, it is important to think about accessibility. There are some things you can do to improve accessibility in a general sense, such as using graphic design principles, using plain language, and using sub-headings. There are also some…
    Framework/Guide
    Communication for Development (C4D)

  • Engage team

    Evaluations can be conducted by in-house staff (internal) or a third party (external) or a mix of both. Advertising the Terms of Reference (ToR) / Request for Proposal (RFP) is the first step in engaging external evaluators but other important issues need…
    Framework/Guide
    Manager's guide to evaluation

  • Engager l’équipe d’évaluation

    Une fois que la décision de faire appel à des évaluateurs externes est prise, il faut prévoir suffisamment de temps pour procéder à leur embauche.
    Framework/Guide
    Manager's guide to evaluation

  • C4D Hub: Analyse each key evaluation question

    Embedded within broad key questions for R,M&E there are often different types of smaller questions.
    Framework/Guide
    Communication for Development (C4D)

  • C4D: Describe

    The describe cluster of evaluation tasks involves collecting or retrieving data and analyzing it to answer R,M&E questions about situations and what has happened (the activities, outcomes and impacts) and other important contextual information
    Framework/Guide
    Communication for Development (C4D)

  • Roles and responsibilities

    Determine how decisions will be made on: the focus of the evaluation; choosing the evaluator / evaluation team;approving the evaluation design; approving evaluation reports and who can access the final report(s) and data.
    Framework/Guide
    Manager's guide to evaluation

  • Déterminer de quelle façon les décisions concernant l’évaluation seront prises

    Plusieurs décisions doivent être prises au cours d’une évaluation, notamment : l’objectif de l’évaluation (y compris les principales questions d’évaluation), le choix de l’évaluateur ou de l’équipe d’évaluation, l’approbation de la conception de l’…
    Framework/Guide
    Manager's guide to evaluation

  • C4D: Accountable

    Transparent; rigour; multiple; quality Accountability means demonstrating results communities, partners, funders and policy makers. R,M&E that is rigorous, transparent and relevant will produce evidence for accountability.
    Framework/Guide
    Communication for Development (C4D)

  • Check the results are consistent with causal contribution

    Check that the data are consistent with what would be expected if the intervention were contributing to producing the observed changes.
    Framework/Guide
    Rainbow Framework

  • Clarify what will be evaluated

    An evaluation can focus on a project, a number of projects, a program, a policy, a strategy, an organization, a network.
    Framework/Guide
    Manager's guide to evaluation

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