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Filter search resultsOfficial statistics
Statistics published by government agencies or other public bodies such as international organizations are often useful in evaluations.MétodoPrevious evaluations and research
Using the findings from evaluation and research studies conducted on the same or closely related areas is an important first step for evaluation planning.MétodoContent analysis
Content analysis is a research method in the social sciences used to reduce large amounts of unstructured textual content into manageable data relevant to the (evaluation) research questions.MétodoParticipant observation
Participant observation is used to identify the attitudes and operation of a community by a researcher living within its environs.MétodoTransect
Transect walks are a method for gathering spatial data on an area by observing people, surroundings and resources while walking around an area or community.MétodoField trips
Field trips are organised trips where participants visit physical sites.MétodoBiophysical measurement
Biophysical measurement measures physical changes that take place over a period of time related to a specific indicator and using an accepted measurement procedure.MétodoGeographical
Capturing geographic information about persons or objects of interest such as the locations of high prevalence of a disease or the location of service delivery points.MétodoControl group
A control group is an untreated research sample against which all other groups or samples in the research is compared.MétodoRealist analysis of testable hypotheses
Realist analysis of testable hypotheses tests the program theory by developing a nuanced understanding of ‘what works for whom in what circumstances and in what respects, and how?’.MétodoCheck dose-response patterns
Evaluators can examine the link between dose and response as part of determining whether the program caused the outcome.MétodoCheck results match a statistical model
Program staff may develop a statistical model as part of the project theory design. Statistical models can be useful tools to predict elements of the program:MétodoCheck results match expert predictions
Expert predictions can be a useful part of developing the program theory. Program staff can draw expert predictions from the literature or by engaging a group of experts.MétodoCheck timing of outcomes
The program theory may predict the timing of outcomes for the evaluator to check against these dates with the dates of actual changes and outcomes.MétodoKey informant
Asking experts of programmes or in the community to predict what would have happened in the absence of the intervention.MétodoSearching for disconfirming evidence/following up exceptions
Treating data that doesn’t fit the expected pattern not as outliers but as potential clues to other causal factors and then seeking to explain them.MétodoGeneral Elimination Methodology
General Elimination Methodology has two stages:MétodoForce field analysis
A force field analysis is used to support the decision making process by providing a detailed overview of the variety of forces that may be acting on an organisational change issue.MétodoStatistically controlling for extraneous variables
Statistically controlling for extraneous variables is an option for removing the influence of a variable on the study of program results.MétodoRuling out technical explanations
Ruling out technical explanations involves identifying and investigating possible ways that the results might reflect technical limitations rather than actual causal relationships.MétodoJudgemental matching
Judgemental matching involves creating a comparison group by finding a match for each person or site in the treatment group based on researcher judgements about what variables are important.MétodoDifference-in-difference
Difference-in-difference involves comparing the before-and-after difference for the group receiving the intervention (where they have not been randomly assigned) to the before-after difference for those who did not.MétodoSequential allocation
Sequential allocation involves creating a treatment group and a comparison group by using a sequence to choose participants (e.g. every 3rd person on the list).MétodoStatistically created counterfactual
A statistical model, such as regression analysis, is used to develop an estimate of what would have happened in the absence of an intervention.MétodoNumeric weighting
Numeric weighting involves developing numeric scales in order to rate performance against each evaluation criterion and then adding them up for a total score.MétodoMulti-criteria analysis
A multi-criteria analysis (MCA) is a form of appraisal that measures variables such as material costs, time savings and project sustainability as well as the social and environmental impacts in addition to monetary impacts.MétodoQualitative weight and sum
Using qualitative ratings (such as symbols) to identify performance in terms of essential, important and unimportant criteria. "In QWS:MétodoTextual narrative synthesis
Dividing the studies into relatively homogenous groups, reporting study characteristics within each group, and articulating broader similarities and differences among the groupsMétodoMeta-analysis
Meta-analysis is a statistical method for combining numeric evidence from experimental (and sometimes quasi-experimental studies) to produce a weighted average effect size.MétodoRapid evidence assessment
Rapid Evidence Assessment is a process that uses a combination of key informant interviews and targeted literature searches to produce a report in a few days or a few weeks.MétodoModus operandi
Interventions create distinctive/characteristic patterns of effects. Scriven describes the modus operandi as a set of footprints:MétodoExpert panel
Expert panels are used when specialized input and opinion is required for an evaluation.Método