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  • Five Whys

    The Five Whys is an easy question asking option that examines the cause-and-effect relationships that underly problems.
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  • Backcasting

    Backcasting is a method that involves envisaging alternative futures.
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  • Articulating mental models

    Articulating mental models involves talking individually or in groups with key informants (including program planners, service implementors and clients) about how they understand an intervention works.
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  • Group model building

    Group model building involves building a logic model in a group, often using sticky notes.
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  • Previous research and evaluation

    Using the findings from evaluation and research studies that were previously conducted on the same or closely related areas.
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  • Generic change theories

    Generic change theories can be applied across different sectors - for example, motivation, deterrence, capacity development.   This page provides links to some resources that outline these change theories.
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  • Keypad technology

    Keypads are used in group meetings to gauge audience response to presentations and provide valuable feedback in large group settings. 
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  • Deliberative opinion polls

    The purpose of Deliberative Opinion Polls (DOPs) is to measure informed opinion on a particular issue. 
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  • Photolanguage

    Photolanguage is a projective technique to elicit rich verbal data where participants choose an existing photograph as a metaphor and then discuss it.
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  • Telephone questionnaires

    Respondents can be surveyed using questionnaires delivered by telephone.
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  • Convergent interviewing

    A convergent interview is a type of interview intended to explore issues widely through a combination of unstructured interviews and a maximum diversity sample.
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  • Sketch mapping

    Sketch mapping is useful for creating a visual representation ('map') of a geographically based or defined issue drawn from the interpretation of a group or different groups of stakeholders.
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  • Goal Attainment Scales

    Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS) is a method that can be used as a means of measuring outcome data from different contexts set out on a 5 point scale of -2 to +2.
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  • Postcards

    Postcards can be used to collect information quickly, and they can also be used to provide a short report on evaluation findings (or an update on progress).
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  • Interviews

    Interviews are conversations between an investigator (interviewer) and a respondent (‘interviewees’, ‘informants’ or ‘sources’) in which questions are asked in order to obtain information.
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  • Questionnaires

    A questionnaire is a specific set of written questions which aims to extract specific information from the chosen respondents. 
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  • Mail questionnaire

    Questionnaires can be mailed out to a sample of the population, enabling the researcher to connect with a wide range of people.
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  • Mobile questionnaires

    Questionnaires and surveys can be conducted through mobile phones which are able to connect to the internet.
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  • Face-to-face questionnaires

    Face-to-face questionnaires are conducted by an interviewer asking questions of a respondent in person.
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  • Internet questionnaire

    An internet questionnaire allows the collection of data through an electronic set of questions that are posted on the web. 
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  • Key informant interviews

    Key informant interviews involve interviewing people who have particularly informed perspectives on an aspect of the program being evaluated.
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  • In-depth interviews

    An in-depth interview is a type of interview with an individual that aims to collect detailed information beyond initial and surface-level answers.
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  • SWOT analysis

    The SWOT analysis is a strategic planning tool that encourages group or individual reflection on and assessment of the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats
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  • Projective techniques

    Projective techniques, originally developed for use in psychology, can be used in an evaluation to provide a prompt for interviews.
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  • Personal stories

    Personal stories provide qualitative data about how people experience their lives and can be used to make sense of the past and to understand possible futures.
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  • Email questionnaires

    Email Questionnaires are surveys or questionnaires that are distributed online via email.
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  • Hierarchical card sorting

    Hierarchical card sorting (HCS) is a participatory card sorting method designed to provide insight into how people categorise and rank different phenomena.
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  • Polling booth

    Polling booth is a data collection methodology used to obtain sensitive information from participants.
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  • Seasonal calendars

    Seasonal calendars are useful for evaluation as they can help analyse time-related cyclical changes in data.
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  • Mobile data collection

    Mobile Data Collection (MDC) is the use of mobile phones, tablets or personal digital assistants (PDAs) for programming or data collection.
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  • Photovoice

    Photovoice is a participatory photography method that seeks to empower marginalised people to share their experiences through digital storytelling.
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  • Journals and logs

    Journals and logs are forms of record-keeping tools that can be used to capture information about activities, results, conditions, or personal perspectives on how change occurred over a period of time.
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