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Generally speaking, serif fonts support readability in long, narrative-style documents produced on paper. Sans serif fonts are easier to read in electronic reporting media.الأسلوبBubble chart
Commonly used on maps, and x/y-axis plots, or no plot at all, bubble charts communicate the raw count, frequency, or proportion of some variable where the size of the bubble reflects the quantity.الأسلوبGIS mapping
GIS mapping will typically display one data variable or indicator, often using colour coding to indicate the density, frequency, or percentage in a given region, allowing quick comparison between regions.الأسلوبTreemap
A treemap displays hierarchical relationships through a set of rectangles, sized proportionately to each data point, clustered together into one large rectangle.الأسلوبWord tree
Word trees use a visual branching structure to show how a pre-selected word(s) is connected to other words.الأسلوبPhrase net
Phrasenets are useful for exploring how words are linked in a text and, like word clouds and word trees, can be informative for early data analysis.الأسلوبPersonal stories
Personal stories provide qualitative data about how people experience their lives and can be used to make sense of the past and to understand possible futures.الأسلوبEvaluation budget matrix
An evaluation budget matrix specifies various items that need to be costed as individual line items.الأسلوبVideo
When produced well, videos provide an excellent means to convey messages coming out of an evaluation.الأسلوبReporting in pictures
“A picture is worth a thousand words.” Pictures or images provide another way of presenting information, and increasing understanding of your results.الأسلوبWebsite communications
These days, having a website is common practice for development organizations working beyond the community level. This has opened the possibilities of disseminating information such as that coming from evaluations.الأسلوبMemos and email
Memos and emails can be used to help maintain ongoing communication among evaluation stakeholders through brief and specific messages about a particular issue.الأسلوبNewsletters, bulletins, blogs, briefs and brochures
Short communication formats—such as bulletins, briefs, newsletters, blogs and brochures—can be used to highlight particular findings or angles on the evaluation.الأسلوبNews media communications
News media communications can include communication channels such as newspapers, magazines, and radio, as well as digital formats such as online news sites, podcasts, social media, and blogs.الأسلوبInterim reports
Interim (or progress) reports present the interim, preliminary, or initial evaluation findings.الأسلوبFinal reports
Evaluation reports can be read by many different audiences, ranging from individuals in government departments, donor and partner staff, development professionals working with similar projects or programmes, students and community groups.الأسلوبExecutive summaries
The executive summary of an evaluation report is a shortened version of the full report – usually one to four pages – that highlights findings and recommendations and is placed at the front of the report.الأسلوبRegression discontinuity
Regression Discontinuity Design (RDD) is a quasi-experimental evaluation option that measures the impact of an intervention, or treatment, by applying a treatment assignment mechanism based on a continuous eligibility index which is a variaالأسلوبResources stocktake
The resources available for evaluation include people’s time and expertise, equipment and funding.الأسلوبExpert review for meta-evaluation
An expert review involves experts reviewing the evaluation, drawing in part on their expertise and experience of the particular type of program or project.الأسلوبTime series analysis
A time series is a collection of observations of well-defined data items obtained through repeated measurements over time.الأسلوبBlock histogram
A histogram is a graphical way of presenting a frequency distribution of quantitative data organised into a number equally spaced intervals or bins (e.g. 1-10, 11-20…).الأسلوبNon-parametric inferential statistics
Inferential statistics suggest statements or make predictions about a population based on a sample from that population. Non-parametric tests relate to data that are flexible and do not follow a normal distribution.الأسلوبParametric inferential statistics
Parametric inferential tests are carried out on data that follow certain parameters.الأسلوبMultivariate descriptive
Multivariate descriptive statistics involves analysing relationships between more than two variables.الأسلوبCrosstabulations
Crosstabulation (or crosstab) is a basic part of survey research in which researchers can get an indication of the frequency of two variables (e.g.الأسلوبFrequency tables
A frequency table provides collected data values arranged in ascending order of magnitude, along with their corresponding frequencies.الأسلوبConcept mapping
A concept map shows how different ideas relate to each other - sometimes this is called a mind map or a cluster map.الأسلوبPropensity scores
Propensity score matching (PSM) is a quasi-experimental method used to estimate the difference in outcomes between beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries that is attributable to a particular program.الأسلوبInception report
An inception report of an evaluation is prepared by an evaluator after an initial review of relevant documentation.الأسلوبMeta-ethnography
Meta-ethnography is a method for combining data from qualitative evaluation and research, especially ethnographic data, by translating concepts and metaphors across studies.الأسلوبCoaching
Coaching can involve supporting an individual during training or development in order for them to reach a specific personal or professional goal, or providing expert and practical help to improve and apply specific skills and knowledge.الأسلوب