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  • Articulating mental models

    Articulating mental models involves talking individually or in groups with key informants (including program planners, service implementors and clients) about how they understand an intervention works.
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  • Group model building

    Group model building involves building a logic model in a group, often using sticky notes.
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  • Previous research and evaluation

    Using the findings from evaluation and research studies that were previously conducted on the same or closely related areas.
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  • Generic change theories

    Generic change theories can be applied across different sectors - for example, motivation, deterrence, capacity development.   This page provides links to some resources that outline these change theories.
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  • Risk assessment

    Conducting a risk assessment involves identifying potential negative impacts, their likelihood of occurring and how they might be avoided.
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  • Unusual events reporting

    The reporting of unusual events or incidents is important both for the sake of transparency and to improve policies and procedures.
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  • Organisational M&E policy

    Organisational monitoring and evaluation policies are the set of rules or principles that an organisation uses to guide its decisions and actions with respect to monitoring and evaluation across programs and departments.
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  • Competency frameworks

    Competencies are the skills, knowledge, attributes and behaviours needed to fulfil particular roles.
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  • Thumbnail description

    A ’thumbnail’ is a brief description (short like a thumb nail).
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  • Peak experience description

    This method provides a succinct and coherent description of a program, project or policy when it is operating at its best.
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  • Existing project description

    Existing project descriptions about what is being evaluated can sometimes be accessed and used by evaluators.
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  • Peer review for meta-evaluation

    Reviewing the evaluation by using peers from within or outside of the organisation.
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  • Stories of change

    Stories of change show what is valued through the use of specific narratives of events. Structured with a beginning, middle and end, they focus on the change that has taken place due to the program.
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  • Values clarification interviews

    Values Clarification Interviews involve interviewing key informants and intended beneficiaries to identify what they value.
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  • Values clarification public opinion questionnaires

    Seeking feedback from large numbers of people about their priorities through the use of questionnaires.
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  • Stated goals and objectives

    Evaluations can use the program's stated objectives and goals to assess program success or failure.
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  • Contribute to broader evidence base

    Inform future policy and practice by others outside the organisation.
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  • Inform decision making aimed at improvement (formative)

    Changing or confirming policies and practices.
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  • Inform decision making aimed at selection, continuation or termination (summative)

    Identifying best value for money.
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  • Lobby and advocate

    Justify expenditure and demonstrate achievements.
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  • Build trust and legitimacy across stakeholders

    Develop better understandings of each other and demonstrate that expectations are being met.
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  • Ensure accountability

    Holding someone to account to someone for something.
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  • Evaluation plans and operations checklist

    This checklist from the Evaluation Checklists Project provides a guide to those interested in conducting a preliminary, formative metaevaluation.
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  • Outlier sampling

    Outlier sampling focuses on the extremes – the end-points of the normal distribution bell-curve.
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  • Confirming and disconfirming sampling

    Confirming and disconfirming cases assist the evaluator in the confirmatory fieldwork stage of an evaluation.
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  • Theory-based sampling

    Theory-based sampling involves selecting cases according to the extent to which they represent a particular theoretical construct.
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  • Criterion sampling

    Criterion sampling involves the identification of a particular criterion of importance, articulation of this criterion, and systematic review and study of cases that meet the criterion.
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  • Snowball sampling

    Snowball or chain sampling is a method for locating information rich key informants and critical cases.
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  • Critical case sampling

    A critical case is one that permits analytic generalisation, as, if a theory can work in the conditions of the critical case, it's likely to be able to work anywhere.
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  • Homogenous sampling

    Homogenous sampling involves selecting similar cases to further investigate a particular phenomenon or subgroup of interest. The logic of homogenous sampling is in contrast to the logic of maximum variation sampling.
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  • Maximum variation sampling

    A maximum variation sample contains cases that are purposefully as different from each other as possible. This type of sampling is useful for examining range in large national or global programs.
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  • Intensity sampling

    Intensity sampling uses the same logic as extreme case sampling – that much can be learned from the ends of the distribution range – but with less emphasis on the extremes.
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