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  • Typical case sampling

    Typical case sampling allows the evaluator to develop a profile of what is agreed as average, or normal. These profiles can serve as illustrations for those unfamiliar with the program.
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  • Data rehearsal

    Data rehearsal, a technique developed by Michael Patton, involves developing simulated reports of data before data collection and then workshopping these with primary intended users to see if this will meet their information needs.
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  • Public consultations

    Public consultations are usually conducted through public meetings to provide an opportunity for the community to raise issues of concern and respond to options.
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  • Triangulation

    Triangulation facilitates validation of data through cross verification from more than two sources.
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  • Sequential data gathering

    Sequencing is one way of combining qualitative and quantitative data by alternating between them.
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  • Parallel data gathering

    Qualitative and quantitative data are gathered at the same time. For example, a closed-ended questionnaire to many service users is done at the same time as semi-structured observations of the service center.
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  • Convenience sampling

    Convenience sampling selection is based on the ease or "convenience" of gaining access to a sample.
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  • Keypad technology

    Keypads are used in group meetings to gauge audience response to presentations and provide valuable feedback in large group settings. 
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  • Deliberative opinion polls

    The purpose of Deliberative Opinion Polls (DOPs) is to measure informed opinion on a particular issue. 
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  • Photolanguage

    Photolanguage is a projective technique to elicit rich verbal data where participants choose an existing photograph as a metaphor and then discuss it.
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  • Telephone questionnaires

    Respondents can be surveyed using questionnaires delivered by telephone.
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  • Convergent interviewing

    A convergent interview is a type of interview intended to explore issues widely through a combination of unstructured interviews and a maximum diversity sample.
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  • Sketch mapping

    Sketch mapping is useful for creating a visual representation ('map') of a geographically based or defined issue drawn from the interpretation of a group or different groups of stakeholders.
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  • Goal Attainment Scales

    Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS) is a method that can be used as a means of measuring outcome data from different contexts set out on a 5 point scale of -2 to +2.
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  • Future search conference

    A future search conference is a meeting that spans more than one day with the objective that participants identify a shared vision of the future towards which to aim. 
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  • Brainstorming

    Brainstorming involves focussing on a problem and then encouraging participants to come up with as many solutions as possible. 
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  • Q-methodology

    Q-methodology (also known as Q-sort) is the systematic study of participant viewpoints.
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  • ORID

    ORID is a specific facilitation framework that enables a focused conversation with a group of people in order to reach some point of agreement or clarify differences.
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  • Focus groups

    A focus group is a type of group interview designed to explore peoples attitudes.
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  • Fishbowl technique

    The fish bowl activity is used to manage group discussion.
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  • Social mapping

    Social mapping, or 'wellbeing ranking', is used to identify households using pre-determined indicators based on socio-economic factors.
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  • Delphi study

    The Delphi technique is a quantitative option to generate group consensus through an iterative process of answering questions.
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  • Writeshop

    A Writeshop is a writing workshop involving a concentrated process of drafting, presenting, reviewing and revising documentation of practice.
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  • Summary statistics

    Summary statistics provide a quick summary of data and are particularly useful for comparing one project to another, or before and after.
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  • Exploratory techniques

    Taking a ‘first look’ at a dataset by summarising its main characteristics, often by using visual methods.
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  • Existing documents

    Reviewing documents produced as part of the implementation of the evaluand can provide useful background information and be beneficial in understanding the alignment between planned and actual implementation.
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  • Official statistics

    Statistics published by government agencies or other public bodies such as international organizations are often useful in evaluations.
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  • Previous evaluations and research

    Using the findings from evaluation and research studies conducted on the same or closely related areas is an important first step for evaluation planning. 
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  • Content analysis

    Content analysis is a research method in the social sciences used to reduce large amounts of unstructured textual content into manageable data relevant to the (evaluation) research questions.
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  • Participant observation

    Participant observation is used to identify the attitudes and operation of a community by a researcher living within its environs.
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  • Transect

    Transect walks are a method for gathering spatial data on an area by observing people, surroundings and resources while walking around an area or community.
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  • Field trips

    Field trips are organised trips where participants visit physical sites.
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